Fin630 Assignment No. 1 Solution

Assignment #01 Dated:
Oct 25, 10

Semester “Fall 2010”

“Investment Analysis & Portfolio Management” (Fin 630)

This is to inform that Assignment #01 (covering video lecture no. 1 to lecture no 10)

will be uploaded on VULMS according to the following schedule

Schedule

Opening Date and Time

October 27, 2010 At 12:01 A.M. (Mid-Night)

Due Date and Time

November 01, 2010 At 11:59 P.M. (Mid-Night)

Note: Only in the case of Assignment, 24 Hrs extra / grace period after the above mentioned due date is usually available to overcome uploading difficulties which may be faced by the students on last date. This extra time should only be used to meet the emergencies and above mentioned due dates should always be treated as final to avoid any inconvenience.

Important:

1. For acquiring the relevant knowledge, do not rely only on handouts but watch the course video lectures, for online lectures visit http://onlinevulectures.blogspot.com/ and also use other reference books.

2. For planning your semester activities in an organized manner, you are advised to view schedule of upcoming Assignments, Quizzes and GDBs in the overview tab of the course website on VU-LMS.


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Semester “Fall 2010”
“Investment Analysis & Portfolio Management” (Fin 630)
Assignment No.01 Marks: 15

'”"""Dividend Discount Model'''''''''''
Company A is currently selling for Rs. 90 and paying dividend of Rs. 10 per share.
Dividend is expected to grow at rate of 5 percent per year. The required rate of return for
investors is 17% to invest in the stock with the degree of riskness.
Company B is currently selling for Rs. 85 and paying dividend of Rs. 10 per share. For
the next year dividend is Rs. 10.6 per share, which shows growth rate of 6 percent per
year. The required rate of return for investors is 17% to invest in the stock with the
degree of riskness.
A) Calculate the price of stock for Company A and Company B using Dividend Discount
Model.
B) If you have to choose one of these two stocks, which stock you will buy?
C) If both companies have decided not to pay cash dividend but they are offering 10%
stock dividend. If you are holding 500 shares of Company A and 1,000 shares of
Company B, calculate total number of shares of each Company you will hold after
receiving stock dividend.

.................

Dividend Discount Model
Company A is currently selling for Rs. 90 and paying dividend of Rs. 10 per share. Dividend is expected to grow at rate of 5 percent per year. The required rate of return for investors is 17% to invest in the stock with the degree of riskness. Company B is currently selling for Rs. 85 and paying dividend of Rs. 10 per share. For
the next year dividend is Rs. 10.6 per share, which shows growth rate of 6 percent per year. The required rate of return for investors is 17% to invest in the stock with the
degree of riskness.
A) Calculate the price of stock for Company A and Company B using Dividend Discount Model.
B) If you have to choose one of these two stocks, which stock you will buy?
C) If both companies have decided not to pay cash dividend but they are offering 10% stock dividend. If you are holding 500 shares of Company A and 1,000 shares of Company B, calculate total number of shares of each Company you will hold after receiving stock dividend.
 Part A solution:-
Po for A = D(1+g)/r-g
Po = 10(1+0.05)/0.17 – 0.05
Po = 10(1.05)/0.12
Po = 10.5/0.12
Po = 87.5

Po for B = D(1+g)/r-g
Po = 10(1+0.06)/0.17 – 0.06
Po = 10(1.06)/0.11
Po = 10.6/0.11
Po = 96.36

Solution Part B:-

In part B I will buy the stock of company "B" because its current market price is low than fair price which we have calculated by using dividend discount model. Stock of company "B" also has greater growth rate than stock of Company "A"
Solution of Par C

Company offers 10% stock dividend to all shareholders. Means that if you own 100 shares than company will give you 10 more shares free of cost. Number of shares increases but Total Value of Firm is unchanged.

Company A = 500 Share x 10%
Company A = 500 Share x 0.10
Company A = 50
Total Number of Shares = 500+50
Total Number of Share = 550 shares

Company B = 1000 Share x 10%
Company B = 1000 Share x 0.10
Company B = 100
Total Number of Shares = 1000+100
Total Number of Shares = 1100 shares  

Mgt301 Assignement No. 1 Solution

CRM? What is Customer Relationship Management.

CRM is the overall progress of building and maintaining profitable customer relationships by delivering superior customer value and services.

In the new view, marketing is the science and art of find, retaining and serving the customer. This is what changes the concept of marketing

• Stating this we know that Marketing must be concerned with the life time of the customer. The more the life of the customer is there the more chances are
  there to survive in the Market.
• For an efficient Customer relationship management customer value and satisfaction is the major point, the purpose behind the CRM is to sustain and keep your customer with you, it helps you apply
  the strategies which are focused on increasing the customers satisfaction,
  loyalty, and profitability by providing him better service qualities over
  your competitors.
• Increases the life cycle of a loyal customer as we know that a churning customer is very harmful for the revenue and the market repute of the company at the same time.
• Analysis of customers buying trends is made, you know what you are to offer to the targeted customer
• Identification of potential customer on his grounds.
• Customer satisfaction is 85% more than compared to old school marketing techniques.
• You keep the customer wondering, “What is Next?”
• Customer demands more than you know what you have to offer them.

Common Goals of CRM.

• You want to keep that customer with you then use a CRM design.
• It helps business to use technology to get inside the customers life cycle, his trends, his likes and dislikes.
• Your company can keep the customers track.
• You can follow your buying behavior by the help of a CRM.
• Create call center where you can facilitate the customer talk to them, make them feel better by giving them one stop solution.

Elaborate your answers with an example

Collecting data, mining, extracting and Data base Management is the new view. Now marketing is the sciences of searching, attaining, retaining and delighting the customer. Marketing must be considered with the life time value of the value and keeping this in mind CRM is the right tool to keep your customers with you. CRM acts as a Relationship building block with the customer.

Example

Telenor Pakistan

A leading Telecommunication firm establishing its ground in 2005 first quarter is now the second largest in Coverage and Number 1 in customer services (Call center) and Customer Feedback handling (By using CRM)

This firm uses an ORACLE based CRM Customer Relationship management Software called Siebel.

Siebel is the Biggest CRM tools till now available in the market. It contains unlimited Logs of data base and customer information related to every field.

This software being the most advanced DBMS of its time till present definitely given Telenor Pakistan a really big edge over all its competitors.

Advantages of this CRM.

1. It contains Users primary information
2. Keeps a track of all the package plan the user has converted into
3. His last 10 used Value added services
4. His mostly frequently dialed number
5. His credit classification according to the revenue he is generating to the company.
6. Every call the customer has ever made to the call centre for any query is recorded in this CRM for a future reference with a work code assigned for
   the question the customer asks.
7. This basic tool has helped the company evolve into a major Telecommunications Giant in just a small frame of 5 years.
8. By using this tool the company manages the customer and his feedback.
9. Over sees what are his expectation and where can we profit from it.
10. Keeps track of every change made against his number.
11. Every customer account is equipped with a predictable table where this CRM tells what could be the customer’s next need or what offer could be attractive
    to the customer.

WHY IS CRM DIFFERENT FROM TRADITIONAL MARKETING??

Traditional marketing

CRM Based Marketing.

Traditional Marketing does not have a follow-up Customer is usually not recognized when comes back for a product You cannot tell which customer could churn or leave Sale teams and forces are on a blind hunt Potential customer is never identified and looked after Without a CRM you cant judge the trend of the customers buying history Less focus on customer’s need without a CRM Tool You can’t just go inside the customers mind and dig what he is wanting. No relation with the customer Hard marketing products. Its hard to tell whether if the customer is loyal or not.

CRM Based Marketing has a Customer Follow up Customer is recognized when he comes back for a product A possible churn is recognized the moment it’s developed in the customers mind. Sales teams have an edge and they know which customer to attract CRM Helps you to identify the potential customer and how to value him Trends tell you what the customer might come and ask you for. Target oriented marketing with the help of this tool. With this tool you can easily predict what will be the customer’s next buy. Relation ship building block is a CRM Simplify marketing and sales process Loyal Customer identified as soon as he contacts the seller.

CS615 Assignment No. 1 solution

CS 615 solution :

Question # 1:

Choice elements are found in the theory and practice of strategic management and provide the performance standard by which enterprise resources are identified, selected, committed for the growth and survival of the organizational process and future products. Discuss the key choice elements for the strategic management that are important building blocks in the design and implementation of the strategies for the enterprise’s future.

Solution:
In the management of an enterprise as if its future mattered, nine key choice elements are involved. These choice elements for the enterprise are:
1. vision
2. mission
3. objectives
4. goals
5. strategies
6. programs
7. projects
8. operational plans
9. organizational design

These choice elements provide for the major performance standards by which enterprise resources will be identifies, selected, committed, and reviewed in the enterprise for  survival and growth in its future products, services, and organizational processes.

Vision:
A vision is a mental image of what could be anticipated for the enterprise’s future such as becoming a world-class competitor. One company defined its vision to be a “world-class competitor and to keep it that way. We have programs in place to do just that such as a total qualitymanagement process whereby we live quality.” Another company included in its vision statement: “We will enhance our competitiveness by being first in the development of advanced technology that supports our world-class products and services.”

Mission:
The mission of an enterprise answers the basic question: What business are we in? One project-driven firm defined its mission in the following way: “We are in the business of  designing, developing, and installing energy management systems and services for the  domestic industrial market.”

Objective:
An objective is a statement of the ongoing purposes in the enterprise that must be carried out to support the organizational mission. A computer company defines one of its  objectives as “leading the state-of-the-art in its products and services.”

Goal:
A goal is a specific achievement in the satisfaction of enterprise objectives. As a performance measurement for progress in the use of resources to support corporate purposes, a goal has a specific time element. One company defined its goals as the realization of a certain percentage of return on invested assets by a specific date.

Strategy:
An organizational strategy is the design of the means, through the use of resources, to accomplish end purposes. Strategies also include action plans for establishing the  direction for the coordinated acquisition and use of resources through organizational design choices. Strategies also provide for the means to obtain resources for the enterprise, and how to use such resources effectively and efficiently in the fulfillment of organizational purposes.

Programs:
Programs are resource-consuming combination of organizational resources, which have a common purpose in supporting the enterprise’s purposes. For example, a productivity improvement program could be composed of projects such as the following:
 the use of self-managed production teams on the assembly line
 plane and equipment modernization initiatives
 use of computer-aided design and manufacturing
 Changeover of a production facility from conventional manufacturing to
manufacturing cells.
 

Projects:
Projects are ad hoc, resource-consuming activities used to implement organizational strategies, achieve enterprise goals and objectives, and contribute to the realization of the enterprise’s mission.

Operational plans:
Operational plans are those documents developed to guide the organization in a consistent fashion toward meeting its mission, objectives, and goals through designated  strategies. These plans from the overarching policies, procedures, and practices for when  and how program and project work will be accomplished.

Organizational Design:
Organizational design is the organizational structure that facilitates performing the work. Organizational design considers the business that is being conducted, the manner in  which work will be conducted, the practices for managing the work effort and strategies  for work accomplishment. An optimal organization design supports the enterprise in  getting its work accomplished in the most competitive way.

Question # 2:
Discuss the planning limitations in formal strategic planning? (At least five)
 

Solution:
Some limitations of formal strategic planning

1. The environment that the enterprise faces may change more than expected,
including unexpected events in economics, social issues, war or the threat of war. The growing threat of terrorism, natural catastrophes like the Katrina hurricane.
2. Resistance by enterprise people. The old way of doing things, old policies, old strategies, and operating processes and procedures may be so entrenched that it is difficult to change them.
3. Strategic planning is challenging. It is hard work, expensive, and the desired
results may take years to more about.
4. Formal strategic planning is not designed to get an enterprise out of current
difficulties. But a strategic planning process that has considered alternative
scenarios, both positive and negative, will help to reduce the effects of operational difficulties.
5. Strategic planning is hard work. It requires imagination, innovation, analytical ability, creativity, and the resolution to evaluate, choose, and design
implementation strategies for organization products, services, and processes likely to be relevant several years into the future.
6. Strategic plans are commitments made in the present for alternative choices for the often distant future. A strategic plan should be a “living document” not
allowed to become fixed for the future, but be a plan whose implementation is
likely to come about assuming that environmental factors remain relatively
constant.

PHY101 Assignment No. 1 solution

Assignment No 1 PHY101 2010

Solution :

 
“.When a credit card is “swiped” through a card reader, the information coded in a magnetic pattern on the back of the card is transmitted to the card holder's bank. Why is it necessary to swipe the card rather than holding it motionless in the card reader's slot?”

ANS: In a credit card reader, the magnetic strip on the back of a credit card is rapidly? swiped? past a coil within the reader. Explain, using the same ideas that underlie the operation of a search coil, how the reader can decode the information stored in the pattern of magnetization on the strip.

FALL 1st Assignment

Q # 1 Consider a box that is placed on different surfaces. Marks = 10
a) In which situation (s) is there no force acting on the box?
b) In which situation (s) is there a static friction force acting on the box?
c) In which situation (s) is there a kinetic friction force acting on the box?
Various possible situations are as under:
I. The box is at rest on a rough horizontal surface.
II. The box is at rest on a rough tilted surface.
III. The box is on the rough-surfaced flat bed of a truck- the truck is moving at a constant velocity on a straight, level road and the box remains in the same place in the middle of the truck bed.
IV. The box is on the rough-surfaced flat bed of a truck- the truck is speeding up on a straight, level road, and box remains in the same place in the middle of the truck bed.
V. The box is on the rough-surfaced flat bed of a truck- the truck is climbing
a hill, and the box is sliding towards the back of the truck.
 

Answer Q1.
Answer (a) (I), (iii)
Answer (b) (ii), (IV)
Answer (c) (v)

In situation (I) and (ii) the box is not accelerating (so the net force on it must be zero) and there is no other force acting parallel to the horizontal surface; hence no  friction force is needed to prevent sliding. In situation (ii) and (IV) the box would  start to slide over the surface if no friction were present, so a static fraction force must act to prevent this.

In situation (V) the box is sliding over a rough surface, so a kinetic friction force acts on it.

Q # 2 A spaceship is moving in the vacuum of outer space, far from any planet, when its engine dies. As a result, the spaceship slows down and stops. What does Newton‘s first law say about this event? Marks = 5

Solution:-

 
In this situation there are no forces acting on the spaceship, so according to Newton’s first law, it will not stop. It continues to move in a straight line with constant speed, some science fiction movies have made use of very accurate science; this was not one of them

cs610 assignment solution

Note:- its an guide not a solution but enough for solution

FOR question 1
page no 28,29

for question 2
page no 17,18

just read these four pages and your assignment is  "SOLVED"

BNK603 Assignment No. 1 solution

BNK603 assignment

Q1: Strategic economies don't drive from Operational Excellence, but from the business concept itself. Discuss

Q2:What kind of challenges are being faced by the retail banking in Pakistan?


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“Consumer Banking (BNK603)”



Question 1:

Strategic Economies don’t drive from Operational Excellence, but from the business concept itself.

Strategic Economies

Unlike operational efficiencies, Strategic Economies don’t drive from Operational Excellence, but from the business concept itself. Strategic Economic come in three varieties:

1. Scale
2. Focus
3. Scope

1. Scale

Scale can derive efficiencies in many ways through:
 Better Plant Utilization
 Greater Purchasing Power
 The Muscle to enforce industry wide price discipline Industries revolutionaries often consolidate
fragmented industries. Any that gets caught behind the consolidation curve and misses the chance
to build Scale Advantage will be left with a notable disadvantage

2. Focus

A company with a high degree of Focus & Specialization may reap economies compared with competitors
with a more diffused Business Mission and a less coherent mix of products & services.
Focus is not about efficiency in a cost sense; it’s about in a don’t-get-distracted, get-all-the-wood-behindone-
arrow sense.

3. Scope
The idea here is almost opposite of focus. A company that can leverage resources and management talents
across a broad array of opportunities may have an efficiency advantage over firms that cannot. Scope
Economies come from sharing things across business units & countries; Brands, Facilities, Best Practices,
Scare Talent, IT Infrastructure, and so on. Scope Economies come in a variety of flavors; Channel Power &
access to distribution channels, Economies in buying ad space & running high-tech distribution centers.


Question 2

What kinds of challenges are being faced by the retail banking in Pakistan?


Challenges to Retail Banking in Pakistan

 The issue of money laundering is very important in retail banking. This compels all the banks to
 scrutinize diligently all the documents which they accept while entering into a relationship
 Outsourcing has become significant in recent past because various core activities such as hardware
 and software maintenance, entire ATM set up and operation (including cash, refilling) etc., are
 being handled by outside vendors
 Banks are expected to take utmost care to retain the ongoing trust of the public
 Customer service should be at the end all in retail banking. Someone has rightly said, “It takes
 months to find a good customer but only seconds to lose one.” Thus, strategy of Knowing Your
 Customer (KYC) is important
 The dependency on technology has brought IT departments’ additional responsibilities and
 challenges in managing, maintaining and optimizing the performance of retail banking networks
 It is equally important that banks should maintain security to the advance level to keep the faith of
 the customer
 The efficiency of operations would provide the competitive edge for the success in retail banking in
 coming years
 The customer retention is of paramount important for the profitability of retail banking business &
 increase in the market share
 One of the crucial impediments for the growth of this sector is the shortage of manpower talent of
 this specific nature, a modern banking professional, for a modern banking sector

FIN625 Assignment Solution

SOLUTION OF FIN625 ASSIGNMENT # 01

Q1) Credit score is considered one of the best measures for checking the credit standing for anybody. If one has poor credit score then what measures can be taken in order to improve credit score?

There are followings measures to improve credit scores

1) Make your payments on time

2) Not borrowing against lines

3) Budget income

4) Saving money

5) Don’t cancel credit card

6) Pay off large debts

7) don’t cancel credit cards

8) Pay down debts

(Explain any 5 in above)

Q2) while granting loans to applicants, lending institutions first decides whether applicant has good credit worthiness.

What factors the lending institutions must consider before sanctioning loan?

Factors that  must consider before sanctioning loans are

a)      Employment

b)      Source Of Income

c)      Credit History 

d)      Stability

e)      Purpose Of Taking The Loan

f)        Documentation

(DISCUSS THESE IN DETAIL BY URSELF)

Mkt621 GDB No. 1 Announced

Q: Advertising has damaged children to a large extent”. Justify this statement with solid reasons.

MGT613 Assignment No.1 Solution

Mr. A is the Operations Manager of ABC Company. He has been given the responsibility to make the decision for constructing a restaurant. He has three available alternative points to construct it out. First alternative is to construct on road S, second is to construct on road M, and third is to construct on road D. The data for expected payoff under three states of nature is available in the following table.

POSSIBLE FUTURE DEMANDS

Alternatives Low Moderate High

Road S Rs. 40 M Rs. 40 M Rs 50 M

Road M Rs. 55 M Rs.60 M Rs 75 M

Road D Rs. 30 M Rs 55 M Rs 85 M

Assuming the payoff under each state of nature what decision would be appropriate using each

of the following criteria.

a. Maximin

b. Maximax

c. Minimax regret

d. Laplace

Note: Calculation along with interpretation is required in order to attempt this question. In

the case students do not calculate and interpret, and just write the answers, will be given

low marks or no marks.

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MGT 613 Idea solution
:
Maximin Approach:
Road S = 40
Road M = 55 the best
Road D = 30

Maximax Apporach:
Road S = 50
Road M = 75 
Road D = 85 the best
Laplace approach:
Road S = 43.33
Road M = 63.33 the best
Road D = 56.67 


Maximax regret:
The best (doubted
Between Road M & D)

Alternatives Possible Future Demands
Low
Moderate
High
Road S
40-40 = 0
40-60 = -20 50-55 = -5
Road M
55-40 = 15
60-60 = 0
75-55 = 20
Road D
30-40 = -10 55-60 = -10 85-55 = 30


Calculations
Road S = 40+40+50=130/3=43.33
Road M = 55+60+75=190/3=63.33
Road D = 30+55+85=170/3=56.67

Mkt624 Assignment No. 1 solution

Q#01: Why do you think it is important to convert a product into a brand?

Ans:

Because a brand name is a specific notation, or word for a product or service. It is a trademark that identifies a brand. It comes under the proprietary rights of a company. In fact if a company is expanding internationally then it becomes necessary for the company to adopt such a brand name and logo which can prove an excellent identity for the company. After the invention of advertising, in 1930 the concept of brand name emerged. Have you ever noticed that people who are brand conscious always love to use branded products which have a brand name on it.

Importance of a brand name in advertisement is also clear if you think for a while that whenever the name of fast food comes you think about McDonald, and Subways. After making a strong brand positioning, brand name of the company becomes its identification and a tool of marketing and promotion. 

Q#02: State five of your favorite brands and discuss briefly why they are so dear to you? 

Wall’s dairy ice cream. It is so dear to me because not even a single time I went fad up by buying it because it is a largest selling brand in ice cream products & has a very wide range of products in a single banner. So whether if talk about taste or about quality & flavor, it will win all the time & I can bet upon it. The major motive to choose this product is, its international recognition & I feel pride to be a part of such product. 

Gourmet sweets & bakers. If we talk about confectioners then the largest selling brand in sweets & bakery products in big cities of our country is Gourmet. Whenever I visited their outlets, every Time I enjoyed their privilege & clean environment. All the stuff is so much dainty & hygienic there & whenever I want to buy some confectioners for relatives or friends then there is only one name in mind, “Gourmet” Also there is a pride of buying quality products which has its recognition too. 

Virtual University. If we talk about educational institutes then VU is one of that institutes which are spreading knowledge at our door steps. Its online study system is very helpful especially for females & working students. The way of learning is so simple that a student if regularly attends the lectures, always gets the degree. The main benefit of this institute is that the VU brand globally recognized which has its branches worldwide. 

Gold Leaf. In cigarettes, gold leaf is a largest selling brand in Pakistan. This brand is its recognition in itself. The tobacco quality, packing quality & the brand logo enough for feeling pride among friends.

Nestle. If we talk about health products then globally there is one & only brand is arisen in our minds, Nestle. I feel proud to be a part of Nestle family due to its trust among customers.

...................

Another Solution:

Q: What do you think that it is important to convert a product into a brand?

This simply means that branding is just not about wrapping a product into a nice package and selling that in a hope that I have turned a product into a brand. The brand must require special or superior value preposition, the brand must be maintained a good relationship with customers, and also changes in response to fierce competition yet meaning the same to its loyal customers. 

The customer must feel that they have full value of their money spending in terms of quality; the value has to be more than the generic product. The customer can get feel satisfaction from the products. Thus a good brand must create a good value for the company or the organization. Therefore, a brand creation is the end product of a team of professionals, nor just a single person effort it is a team effort. 

The firm or the organization need to do consistent hard work to give meaning to the product to turn into a brand. The brand must represent the quality and the satisfaction of the customers. a brand represents itself in the differentiated form and features for the customers to acknowledged without differentiation a product does not qualify to be acknowledged .as a brand of the product can occupy an intended position in the customers mind than the product can convert into a brand .competition creates challenges for the brand management tools the team of professionals can face the challenges and live up to those by responding professionally. Brands go through the rough and timbre of market dynamics. 

A perpetual effort is required to sustain it in the market. a good brand works as a good future sales good future earning and a source of good future demand and lasting attractiveness for the company , it also shows a strong entry barriers to competition. It also carries its value in the local market as well as in the international market a good brand must offers economies of scale in advertising, and promotions. Brands must be managed keeping in view their value for the consumer and for the company

Q 02: State five of your brands and discuss why they are so dear to you?

brands must maintain its quality and satisfaction of customers in their mind. It is not a single person creation it is an effort of team of professionals

01. ST MICHEAL: It is a firm or organization can create good quality products for the valued customers. It has a local and international market. It creates shirts, trousers, socks, sweaters and so on. For their customers. The company can create a good image on the customers mind. The company can make its products according to its customer’s needs. In 2006 I was in USA, I bought the trouser from the store of the ST Michael‘s store. After a couple of days I thought it is not so good enough, I was go there ask to the reception officer if there is any possibility I want to change the trouser with the new design and new style trousers. He asks me you go and change as you want. I was very pleased to him and thanks to him. That’s the company policy can create a good image in my mind I give him a price differentiation money and says thanks to him. That’s the tool through which the company can create a good satisfaction in the customer’s mind and also the customers can want to buy in the future.

02. SONY: It is a firm which can produce mobiles phones, television, LCD, monitors, stereo systems etc. it captures its local market as well as its international market. it creates a good quality product which can use after its warranty expires. It has created a brand name in its customer’s mind. After a product is purchased by the customer the company can provide its free spare parts warranty in the limited period. 

The company can create its product according to the customer’s need. That the customer can easily afford to buy it. The firm or the company can create lots of difference in their product among competitors. The person or the customer of electronic product he must first prefer to buy a Sony product that is a good and long life product. The company can also introduce a new technology in their products. That the customer can want to buy it. Some customers have special attention to the new technology products and it prefer to buy it as soon as possible.

03. HONDA: it is that firm or company which produces a vehicles or cars for its customers. The company can differ in styles, quality products, luxurious and lifelong in their products among competitors. it can create an image on the customer’s mind. Company can create or turn its products into a brand and thus now he has generated a good cash flow, good future revenue for it. As time passed it introduces new technology in their vehicles manufactured so that the valued customers can want to buy it. The company can produce a product that can be durable, long life and good quality products.

04. IBM: IBM is a firm which can produce computer systems, LCD’s, keyboard, and other applications of the computer systems. it produces a short body system which have a greater speed of there applications. There products must be long life and there products might be working in extreme cold and hot conditions or climate. The system user can already know its durability and quality of the IBM it produces its products in all sizes, different designs which can show the company’s image. The spare parts of the system can be easily in local market as well as in international markets.

05. NOKIA: it is multinational company. It produces mobiles phones and there accessories of mobile phones for their customers. It produces a good quality and long life mobile phones. The new and old customers can know its performance and durability so that’s why the every customer can want to purchase according to its range. The company can introduce a new technology features in its products. The company can create its products in different sizes, styles, and designs which the customer wants. NOKIA can create its huge market in he whole world. Its competitors cannot compete in mobiles phones applications. The customer first preference is to buy a new good looking product. It also give its body parts and other accessories of the mobile phone in the market. The price of the product can also attract the customer itself.