Friday, October 29, 2010

ECO403 Assignment No. 1 Solution

Solution 1

Nominal GDP	Real GDP	GDP reflector	Inflation rate
92575	92575	100	---
94115	82355	114.3	14.3%
145800	112450	129.7	15.4%

Formulas

For calculation nominal gdp Multiply Ps & Qs from same year llike 200*140+315*205=92575

Etc etc

Asy he bqi b calculate krni ha

Or real gdp me prices 1^st wali use hongi or quantities sub ki baribari lagai jaengy

Llike 200*14+315*205=92575

200*70+315*217=82355

200*200+315*230=112450

GDP Deflator = Nominal GDP /Real GDP *100

Or inflation rate 1^st --, or 2^nd 114.3-100=14.3%

3^rd 129.7-114.3=15.4%

Solution 2

labor force = employment * unemployment

= 164.5+8= 172.5 million

number of people not in labor force= not employed= 8 million

Labor-Force Participation Rate = Labor Force/Adult Population x 100

=172.5/329.8*100 = 52.30 million

Unemployment Rate = Number of Unemployed /Labor Force*100

=8 /17505*100= 4.64 million

QNO1

A:

QD=QS

QD=850-25P
QS=500+45P
WE KNOW QD=QS
SO
850-25P=500+45P
850-500=45P-25P
350=20P
P=350/20
=17.5
QS=500+45P
QS=500+45(17.5)
QS=500+787.5
QS=1287.5
AS WE KNOW QS=QD FOR EQULIBRIUM

SO it will be at 1287.5
............

Qd=Qs
850-25p=500+45p
850-500=45p+25p
350=70p
p=350/70
p=5 ( equilibrium price)
Now,
Putting the value of P in eq 1, we will get the equilibrium quantity,
Q=500+45(5)
Q=500+225
Q=725 per bushel

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Mgt111 Assignment Solution

Assignment#1 (Mgt 111)

Civil Services have become the key wheels on which the entire engine of the state has to move. Hence the leaders for these services are drawn through the competitive examination. The officers thus appointed are bestowed with solemn responsibilities and are scheduled to hold the highest offices of the country.

Pakistan today needs young men and women, with qualities of both head and heart. To choose only such balanced individuals is the purpose of the civil services examination.

We discussed to the following points:-

ü Police Service of Pakistan

ü Foreign Service of Pakistan

ü Pakistan Audit & Accounts Services

ü Commerce & Trade Group

ü Railways Group

1) Polce Service Of Pakistan:-

The Police Service of Pakistan (PSP) is comprised of police officers selected through the Federal Public Service Commission Entry is at the level of Assistant Superintendent

of Police.

Under the old Police Act, the Police had many responsibilities. But with the enforcement of Police Order 2002, it has been given a leadership role alongwith lot more responsibilities and accountabilities. Every new posting is a challenge it is a never ending war against crime, social evils and every day problems of the people residing in a particular area.

2) Foreign Service Of Pakistan:-

Foreign Service of Pakistan was constituted on an ad hoc basis immediately on the birth of Pakistan. The Service was first given an executive fiat in a decision of the Federal Cabinet in July, 1948. A formal resolution constituting the service was announced in October 1952. It envisaged diplomatic posts in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in the Diplomatic and consular missions of Pakistan abroad. The resolution provided for the posts of (a) Secretary (1), (b) Joint Secretaries (2), (c) Deputy Secretaries (8), and (d) Under Secretaries (16) Posts for Pakistan Diplomatic Missions abroad provided for Ambassadors (17), High Commissioners (5), Ministers (4), Commissioners (1), Deputy High Commissioners (2), Counselors (15), First Secretaries (10), Second Secretaries (19), Third Secretaries (31), Consul General (3), Consul (4), and Vice Consul (7).

3) Pakistan Audit & Accounts Services:-

Pakistan Audit and Accounts Service operates under the constitution 1973, article 144 to 176, and is presently being run through Presidential Order No 23/2001.

The functions and powers of Auditor General Pakistan have been defined in the above mentioned order. The Auditor General enjoys a tenure posting of five years under the constitution. He is responsible to maintain accounts of the public sector organizations and is responsible to conduct audit of the same.

4) Commerce and Trade Group:-

Consequent upon the introduction of Administrative Reforms of 1973 aiming to create Civil Services of specialized nature and responsibility, the Trade Service of Pakistan (TSP) was changed into Commerce & Trade Group to administer Export Promotion Bureau, Office of the Chief Controller of Imports & Exports, National Tariff Commission, Trade Marks Registry and Department of Insurance. The posts of Commercial Secretary/Counsellor in Pakistani missions abroad have been kept open to all services, due to the fact that the Office Memorandum under which the Commerce & Trade Group was created did not mention these posts.

5) Railways Group:-

Pakistan Railways forms the life line of the country catering to all its needs for the large scale movement of freight as well as passenger traffic thereby contributing to economic growth and national integration.

Pakistan Railways is a multi-cadre/multi branch organization and can be dubbed as a mini-govt. For running a huge organization like that of Railways, various branches are serving to run the business smoothly. The Railways Commercial & Transportation (C&T) group plays the most important role as such it is the only cadre in Railways, inducted through CSS and is a part of Civil Services Academy Alumni C&T group is also called as operating and management department as it is solely responsible for the promotion of commercial business (freight & passenger) and for overall safety concerning train movement and operations.

STA301 Assignment No. 1 solution

Assignment No.1 (Course STA301)

Fall 2010 (Total Marks 30)

Deadline

Your Assignment must be uploaded/ submitted before or on

23:59 29^th 4^th Nov, 2010

STUDENTS ARE STRICTLY DIRECTED TO SUBMIT THEIR ASSIGNMENT BEFORE OR BY DUE DATE. NO ASSIGNMNENT AFTER DUE DATE WILL BE ACCEPTED VIA E.MAIL).

Rules for Marking

It should be clear that your Assignment will not get any credit IF:

The Assignment submitted, via email, after due date.
The submitted Assignment is not found as MS Word document file.
There will be unnecessary, extra or irrelevant material.
The Statistical notations/symbols are not well-written i.e., without using MathType software.
The Assignment will be copied from handouts, internet or from any other student’s file. Copied material (from handouts, any book or by any website) will be awarded ZERO MARKS. It is PLAGIARISM and an Academic Crime.
The medium of the course is English. Assignment in Urdu or Roman languages will not be accepted.
Assignment means Comprehensive yet precise accurate details about the given topic quoting different sources (books/articles/websites etc.). Do not rely only on handouts. You can take data/information from different authentic sources (like books, magazines, website etc) BUT express/organize all the collected material in YOUR OWN WORDS. Only then you will get good marks.

Objective(s) of this Assignment:

The assignment is being uploaded to strengthen the students’ BASIC concepts about statistics.
How to recognize and differentiate among different types of data in real life examples.
Hands on arranging and displaying already collected data into an organized form, using given statistical method.
Make students able to understand the concept of measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion.

Assignment.1 (Lessons 1-11)

Question 1: Marks: 5+5=10

Give an answer of the followings:

Define an array.
University students have been assigned roll no’s according to their marks. Which scale of measurement is used to assign the roll numbers?
When statistical results are misleading?

(b) Make discrete frequency distribution from the given data,

1,2,3,2,1,2,1,3, 4,5,1,2,3,1,4,2, 2,3,2,1,4,4,4,2,1,

Also find;

Cumulative frequencies
Relative frequencies

Question 2: Marks: 2+8=10

(a) Find Geometric mean from the following data.

1, 2, 3,2,4,5,4,3,4,-1,4, 3,0,1,-3, 2,4

(b) The weight of the 40 male students at a university is given in the following frequency table:

Weight	frequency
118-126	3
127-135	5
136-144	9
145-153	12
154-162	5
163-171	4
172-180	2

Calculate median and mode from the above data.

Question 3: Marks: 2+2+6 =10

(a) Why Quartile deviation is better than the Rang?

(b) For given data calculate range and coefficient of range,

0.035, 0.045, 0.031, 0.044, 0.032

(c) Calculate an appropriate measure of dispersion for the following data.

Farm Size (acre)	No. of Farms
Bellow 40	394
41-80	461
81-120	391
121-160	334
161-200	169
201-240	113
241 and above	148

Solution:

Q.NO.1

ARRAY

1. to place in proper or desired order; marshal: Napoleon arrayed his troops for battle.

2. to clothe with garments, esp. of an ornamental kind; dress up; deck out: She arrayed herself in furs and diamonds.

3. order or arrangement, as of troops drawn up for battle.

4. military force, esp. a body of troops.

5. a large and impressive grouping or organization of things: He couldn't dismiss the array of facts.

6. regular order or arrangement; series: an array of figures.

7. a large group, number, or quantity of people or things: an impressive array of scholars; an imposing array of books.

8. attire; dress: in fine array.

9. an arrangement of interrelated objects or items of equipment for accomplishing a particular task: thousands of solar cells in one vast array.

10. Mathematics, Statistics .
a. an arrangement of a series of terms according to value, as from largest to smallest.
b. an arrangement of a series of terms in some geometric pattern, as in a matrix.

11. Computers . a block of related data elements, each of which is usually identified by one or more subscripts

Q1(b)

Make discrete frequency distribution from the given data,
1,2,3,2,1,2,1,3, 4,5,1,2,3,1,4,2, 2,3,2,1,4,4,4,2,1,

X F CF rf

1 7 7 7/25=0.28

2 8 15 8/25=

3 4 19 4/25=

4 5 24 5/25=

5 1 25 1/25=

Question 2: (a) Find Geometric mean from the following data.
1, 2, 3,2,4,5,4,3,4,-1,4, 3,0,1,-3, 2,4

AS WE can see data contain 0 we can not take log for 0 so it is impossible to solve this question for Geometric mean

Remember when data have 0 we cannot compute Geometric mean as well as harmonic mean

For given data calculate range and coefficient of range,
0.035, 0.045, 0.031, 0.044, 0.032

Range=0.045-0.031=0.014

coefficient of range=0.045-0.031/0.045+0.031
=0.014/0.076
=0.1842

QNO3(A):
The quartile deviation is superior to range as it is not affected by extremely large or small observations. It is simple to understand and easy to calculate. The quartile deviation is as widely used as other measures of dispersion. It is used in situations where extreme observations are thought to be unrepresentative.

When statistical results are misleading?

The world is littered with statistics, and the average person is bombarded with five statistics a day1. Statistics can be misleading and sometimes deliberately distorting. There are three kinds of commonly recognised untruths:

Lies, damn lies and statistics.
- Mark Twain
This quote from Mark Twain is accurate; statistics are often used to lie to the public because most people do not understand how statistics work. The aim of this entry is to acquaint the reader with the basics of statistical analysis and to help them determine when someone is trying to pull a fast one.

Think about how stupid the average person is; now realise half of them are dumber than that.
- George Carlin
There are many books which teach statistics, but they are mostly big and heavy mathematical books, which cost a lot of money, and which may require a degree in the subject to understand anyway. For many years there has been a need for a Statistics for Dummies book and in fact there is one, written by Deborah Rumsey. On the Internet information on how to understand statistics can be found, but the sites mostly cater for medical students who need to examine experimental drug studies, although a great online starting place is RobertNiles.com, which explains how to examine statistics for errors and how to create your own statistics correctly

(c) Calculate an appropriate measure of dispersion for the following data.
In this situation we will calculate Quartile deviation be cause we can not find value for X due to open end classes so we will be unable to compute S.D variance mean deviation average etc only quartile deviation is suitable calulate it your self

q	TU	MU
0 1 2 3 4 5 5 7 8	0 10 18 24 28 30 30 28 24	--

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