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Tuesday, April 27, 2010

mgt201 GDB solution

Your father is 50 years old now and his plan is to retire exactly at the age of 60. His goal is to create a fund that will allow him to receive Rs15,00,000 at the time of retirement so that he can start a small business. He has searched the market and is confused between the two options:
[list]
[*]Option 1: To deposit Rs.9,000 after every 6 months in banks A
[*]Option 2: To deposit Rs.2,000 after every 4 months in banks B Both banks assume payments at the end of respective months. As a business graduate, you have been asked to help him out as:
What interest rate assumption has the Bank A used in its offer?
What interest rate assumption has the Bank B used in its offer?
Which option is favorable?

Solution:-
1,500,000 = 9000 [(1+i/2)^10*2-1] 19%
1,500,000 = 2000 [(1+i/3)^10*3-1] 18%

18 % is the favourable option because we can get same
result with small amount of money. in first option
we ll pay 9000 * 20 = 180 000 and in second we ll pay 2000 * 30 = 60 000
in 10 years and the result is same 15 00 000. so second option is favourable

18 wala theek hay bcoz if u convert it compounded yearly rate then it comes
almost 53.20% and the other one comes 38.12% and moreover in 2nd case u invest
only 60000 whereas in the first option u have to invest 180000 so in second
option u will get more profit with less investment

CS402

Question No.1 Marks: 4

a) Give regular expressions of the following languages over Σ={0,1}:
1. All strings having no pair of consecutive zeros.
2. All strings having exactly two 1’s or three 1’s not more than it.

b) Show that the Regular expression ^ + 0(0+1)*+(0+1)*00(0+1)* is equivalent to ((0*1)*01*)*

Solution:
a)
1. {0,1,01,11,10,101,010,011,110…………}
2. {011,110,0110.10101.1101,01101,111,0111,…………….}
b)
Both are equivalent because they generate the same language

Question No. 2 Marks: 4

a) Give recursive definition for the language ODD, of strings defined over ∑={-,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9},

b) Give recursive definition for the language of palindromes having odd length

Solution:
a)
step1: 1 is in odd
Step2: If x is in odd then x+2 and x-2 are also in odd.
step3: No strings except those constructed in above are allowed to be in odd

b)
Step 1: 1 is in palindrome
Step2: if x is palindrome, than s(x) Rev(S) and xx is also be palindrome whereas belongs to E*
Step3: no string except one, constructed in above, are allowed to be in Palindrome

Sunday, April 25, 2010

Mgt503 GDB solution

How can scientific management, which provides managers with the capacity to analyze, predict, and control the behavior of the complex organizations, be applied in a world that is unpredictable, uncertain and even uncontrollable as today?

"The traditional scientific approach to management promised to provide managers with the capacity to analyze, predict, and control the behavior of the complex organizations they led. But the world most managers currently inhabit often appears to be unpredictable, uncertain, and even uncontrollable."

ENG101 Assignment solution

Q1: Choose the best meaning for each highlighted word. 4
1. Joseph wanted to adopt a healthy lifestyle, so he resolved to abstain from high-fat, fast food and sugar-laden sodas.

[list]
[*]Agree to unwillingly
[*]Give up voluntarily
[*]Accept without question
[*]Stain one’s reputation
2: The coach observed his team’s bizarre behavior and concluded that the players were suffering from dehydration.

[list]
[*]Unusual
[*]A flea market and bake sale
[*]Appropriate
[*]Ordinary
3: The Senate hearing committee demanded the corporation’s officers to provide credible documents to explain their unusual accounting procedures.

[list]
[*]Practical
[*]Praiseworthy
[*]Believable
[*]Worthless
4: Usman knew that the reading class would improve his vocabulary and comprehension, thus increasing his chances of success in subsequent college courses.

[list]
[*]Following
[*]First
[*]Out of order
[*]Less important

Q2: Read the following paragraph and find out the Main Idea and Supporting
Details. Suggest a suitable Topic as well. 6

1. A common man never wants a war and is not even in favour of borders and boundaries.2.He is against prejudices and wants an integrated world. 3.Uncountable marriages among unlike and diverse nationalities and the reactions of people all over the world against US invasion on Afghanistan and Iraq are the symbols of same peace loving, cosmopolitan emotions and mentalities all over the world. 4. But there are groups of a few people present in every country who claim to be sincere with their nations. 5. These so called sincere include passionate political and military leaders. 6. To satisfy their motives they sow the seeds of hatred in the hearts of their nations and then after giving birth to an issue, and by making it crucial and complex, they indulge innocent people in that. 7. Media has provided them an easy way to mislead their people. 8. By using the media machinery they mould the minds of their nation according to their own wish.

Topic:1) peace

2) patriotism

Sentence 1: Every inhabitant wants peace & prosperity in thier country.

Sentence 2: He wants incorporated wolrd which based on justice & equality.

Sentence 3: Different people that belong to different countries ( multi national) wants to treat every
human with peace, love, ethic no matter of state & they are against US offensivness.
They have different mentality power.

Sentence 4: there is also present a few leaders that represent thier self as patriotic people but in reality
they are not patriotic & honest with thier country.

Sentence 5: Mostly people that represent their self as patriotic are zealous political and military
leaders

Sentence 6: The aim of that kind of leaders is just too born hate in the hearts of patriotic people &
they spoil innocent people.

Sentence 7: With the help of media they succeeded in their purpose of misleading innocent people.

Sentence 8: Those leaders always think about their own self; they take decisions that provide them
benefit. Media plays a very important role in this. Media now can change the mind of
citizen’s

Q4: Put the correct form of words given in brackets while using affixes. 5

[list=1]
[*]This word is very difficult to spell, and even worse, it's _______pronunciation___________.(Pronounce)
[*]He's lost his book again. I don't know where he has ______placed____________ it this time. (Place)
[*]He wants to be a _____________Mathematician_____when he grows up. (Mathematics)
[*]I think that you should ______considerable____________.It may not be the best thing to do. (Consider)
[*]She looked at her __________reflection________ in the mirror. (Reflect)

Mgt411 Money and Banking solution

Question 01

Part A

Calculate consumer price index and inflation rate by using following data. (Marks 4)

Years	Cost of Basket	CPI Inflation	Rate
2006	2000	100	n.a
2007	2300	115	15%
2008	2850	142.5	23.91%

Part B

Calculate GDP deflator and inflation rate by using following data. (Marks 4)

Years	Nominal GDP	Real GDP	GDP deflator	Inflation Rate
2006	78000	78000	100.0	n.a
2007	82000	80000	102.5	2.5%
2008	89000	85000	104.7	2.146%

Part C

Which of the following accounts will include in M1 & M2? Identify separately.(Marks 2)

• Euro dollars

• Current account balances in Pakistan

• ATM cards balances in Pakistan

• Banks Saving accounts in Pakistan

• Individual money market mutual fund

• Institutional money market mutual fund share

M1:

• Euro dollars

• Current account balances in Pakistan

• ATM cards balances in Pakistan

M2:

• Individual money market mutual fund

• Banks saving accounts in Pakistan

• Institutional money market mutual fund share

Question 02

Part A

An investor deposits Rs.100,000 today in a bank and bank offers 5% interest rate per annum compounded quarterly. What will be the amount after 10 years? (Marks 5)

Part B

A student needs Rs 200,000 after 5 year for his study. What amount he has to deposit in a bank today so that he will have Rs 200,000 after 5 years if bank offers yearly 6% interest rate compounded semi-annually. (Marks 5)

Mgt501 assignment solution

Loss of intellectual property is a debatable issue faced by organizations in developing Countries. Give any ten reasons of brain drain in Pakistan .What Policies HR consultants should develop for helping the organizations to cope with the brain drain issue?

Loss of intellectual property:-

Intellectual property loss may be defined as any theft or misappropriation of an organization’s intellectual property or proprietary information,1 such as copyrights, patents, trademarks, trade dress and trade secrets. The following information from the TRENDS IN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LOSS SURVEY REPORT, conducted by the American Society for Industrial Security’s (ASIS) and Price water house Cooper, highlights the importance of and methods for safeguarding proprietary information.

The top areas negatively impacted by intellectual property losses included loss of competitive advantage, loss of market share, loss of revenue, increases in research and development costs, damage to corporate image, higher insurance premiums and increased legal costs. Respondents ranked damage to corporate image and increased legal costs as their greatest concerns.

Pakistan

faces brain drain:-

The latest survey has strengthened the widely-held view that there has been a continuous brain drain from the country in the past decade. Even unskilled people want to go abroad. The poll indicates that not only qualified professionals and university graduates, but even semi-skilled or unskilled workers want to leave

Pakistan

in search of better prospects.

1- Foreign countries, especially the United States and those in Europe have been "green pastures" for doctors because payment at home is negligible in comparison

Pakistan

do not have good institutions to continue postgraduate study. This country also lack the variety of subjects to specialize in

3- People in

Pakistan

think that a degree from a developed country is better that one taken in their homeland.

4- Lack of Better job opportunities that properly remunerate workers based on their skills and talents.

5- Lack of Proper infrastructure is provided for research and development.

6- Merit System is not adopted in

Pakistan

7- In

Pakistan

, high corporate tax rate represent the biggest cause of brain drain

8- In Pakistan basic cause of brain drain are income inequalities.

9-In Pakistan, the problem of brain drain in this matter has become a threat to the stability of the country after the incident of September 11, which created a war-like situation in the whole world.

Saturday, April 24, 2010

Useful books of courses

Thursday, April 22, 2010

column

Wednesday, April 21, 2010

Mkt630 GDB Solution

Being a marketing student, yes I agree with this statement, because going globally is pushing your business globally. In ever-changing world, there is necessity of going globally in order to compete with the competitors.

There are many factors that should be kept in mind before going globally. In today’s modern age going globally is very important to compete in a well manner and to take competitive advantage. Going globally is simple as setting up of a Website for market to goods and services. The information and goods are moving at a higher speed than before, so it is necessity of today's businesses.

CS507 Assignment

IDEA Solution

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Information System (CS507)
Spring 2010
Assignment No. 1

Due Date:
Your assignment must be uploaded/submitted before or on 27th April 2010.

Max Marks: 20

Uploading instructions:
Please view the Assignment Submission Process document provided to you by the Virtual University for uploading assignments.

o The assignment should be in .doc format.
o Save your assignment with your ID (e.g. bx020200786.doc).
o The assignment submission through email is highly discouraged.

Rules for Marking:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:

o The assignment is submitted after due date.
o The submitted assignment file is corrupted.
o The assignment is copied.
o The assignment material is directly copied from internet.

Note:
Your answer must follow the below given specifications. You will be assigned no marks if you do not follow these instructions.

• Font style: “Times New Roman”
• Font color: “Black”
• Font size: “12”
• Bold for heading only.
• Font in Italic is not allowed at all.

Q. 1: How can you describe information in its ideal form? Moreover how ideal information would help us regarding decision making in our routine activities?
(Marks: 10)

Q. 2: Identify and explain different decision making approaches.
(Marks: 10)

-------------

Tuesday, April 20, 2010

CS101 solution

Question No. 1
Ali is a manager in a multi-national organization. As part of his job, he needs to interact and provide updates of his work to the head office on regular basis, which input/output devices can he use to complete his daily tasks? (Marks 2)

Answer:-

Input:
1-Keyboard
2-Webcam
3-Mouse
4-Microphone
5-Scanner

Output:
1-Printer
2-Monitor
3-Speakers

Question No. 2
How WebPages are different from a website? (Marks 2)
Note: List down two most important differences in this regard.

Answer:-
A website is a collection of one or more web pages designed to convey information on a particular subject or theme to a web user. (e.g. a company will have a web site providing structured information about the company, designed to inform particular groups of its stakeholders - investors, customers, technical support, sales, employment, news items etc.)
A web page is one screen full of information (from a web site) that may contain links to other pages in the web site or links to external information. The web page will normally be written as (or rendered as) an HTML document

Mth302 solution

Question 1:

Basic Salary of John is 2000$ per month. According to his job contract his allowances are some percentage of basic salary whereas other benefits are percentage of Gross Salary. Details of his benefits are as follows. What percent of Basic/Gross salary are these benefits? (Show the calculations).
Marks 10

BENEFITS $ Percent of Basic/Gross Salary
House Rent 900 House Rent = 45 %= 0.45*2000 = 900
Utilities Allowance 200 Utilities allowance = 2.5 %= 0.025*2000=50
Medical/Group insurance 155 insurance/medical=5% = 0.05*2000 = 100
Miscellaneous Social Charges 186 Misc. Social Charges=5.8% =0.058*2000=116

Question 2:
The price of oil decreased from $76 per barrel to $70 per barrel. What is the percentage change in oil prices?
Solution:
Change = Final value – initial value
// = 76 – 70
//= 6
Percentage change = (Change / initial value) x 100%
Initial value =76$
Final value = 70$
Change = 6
% Change = (6/76) x 100 = 7.8947%
Marks 5

Question 3:
Suppose you took loan from a bank of amount 800£ at 8% interest compounded semi-annually for three years. Find the compound interest.
Solution:
S = Money accrued after n years also called compound amount = ?
P = Principal= 800
r = Rate of interest= 8% = 0.08
n = Number of periods = 3*2= 6 years (Semi annually)
S = P(1 + r/2)^ n
Compound interest = S - P
S= P(1+0.08/2)^3*2
S= 800(1+0.04)^6
S=1012.255 Rs
Compound interest = S - P
Compound interest = 1012.255 – 800 = 212.255 Rs
Marks 5
Question 4:
Calculate the Accumulated Value if you deposit 500Rs at the end of each year for the next 3 years? Assume an interest of 8% compounded annually.

Solution:

Accumulated value of n period = payment per period × accumulation factor for n Periods
Accumulated value of n period = C × [(1+i)^n – 1]/i

C = Cash flow per period = 500
i = interest rate = 8% = 0.08
n = number of payments = 3

= C* [(1+i)^n – 1]/i
= 500* [(1+0.08)^3 – 1]/0.08
= 500* [(1.08)^3 – 1]/0.08
= 500* [1.259712 – 1]/0.08
= 500* [0.259712]/0.08
= 500* 3.2464
=1623.2

Accumulated value of n period = 500 × 3.2464
Accumulated value of n period = 1623.2

Marks 5

Monday, April 19, 2010

Mgmt623 GDB solution

Question

"Discuss the role of leader in traditional organization and dynamic organization"

Solution:

Role of leader in traditional organization:-
The leadership role in traditional organizations includes leading others toward the attainment of an outcome, or realization of a vision of direct value to usually a third party someone other than either the leader or the followers. This type of leadership has become a profession and data copy from v and u new site say an important requisite for executives to succeed in their roles as managers in traditional organization. This leadership is like leadership in war, it is a war of competition that is fought in the market place using products, Technologies, Services and distribution channels as weapons.

Role of leader in dynamic organization:-

In Dynamic Organizations an endless source of practical insights and ideas where leaders are a line executive responsible for organizational performance or a human resources professional providing expert advice. Leaders must cooperate with their subordinates and provide them necessary informations regarding to projects. And making every necessary effort to make their organization strong to handle every type of danger. So, making their organization strong from insight is also important. And role of leaders will make this possible.The role of leader within organization is not complete just to convey their orders but also their participation is important Leader Behavior In the dynamic organization, the leader contributes to performance and satisfaction to a greater extent than in the hierarchical organization because in the dynamic organization the work is not so preplanned

Sunday, April 18, 2010

MKT621 GDB

Puffery has a common, a commercial, and a legal definition. Legally, the most significant characteristic of "puffery" is that it is a defense to a charge of misleading purchasers of goods, investments, of services, or to a charge that a promisor has made a legally cognizable promise. That defense, whether of not actually asserted by a commercial speaker, highlights the general rule that speech that misleads consumers is presumptively unlawful. Defendants in turn argue: "This speech, which would otherwise be unlawful because it is alleged to have misled consumption, could not have done so. It is puffery and should be immune from liability."

Applications of the puffery defense share two other telling characteristics. First, speech found to be puffery almost always seeks to encourage consumption, making optimistic claims about goods unsupported by observed reality. This is not to say that courts believe that sellers are never pessimistic about their products. Rather, they believe buyers will almost never actually buy because of misplaced seller pessimism: no one would purchase a car sold as "Not particularly zippy!" Second, the puffery defense is related to a particular model of consumption, in which purchase decisions are reasonably made based on facts revealed by sellers. Thus, across the law, judges and regulators look for false facts uttered by sellers as the touchstone of their analyses.

To explore these commonalities, I examine puffery defenses in four doctrinal contexts: federal false advertising; federal securities laws; the Uniform Commercial Code's warranty provisions; and the scope of a "promise" in the contract/tort claim of promissory estoppel. I chose these three areas, from the many in which the puffery defense appears, for a number of reasons. Most significantly, each area of law can be seen asa stop along a continuum from contract to tort law. As I explore in Part V of this Article, puffing speech presents an analogue to the externality problem most closely associated with tort law. II is interesting, therefore, to observe as I do in this Part that courts' analysis of puffery is less satisfying in those areas of law that look more like "torts" than "contracts."

HOW DO CONSUMERS RESPOND TO PUFFERY?

The constitutional status of puffery, as Part III demonstrated, is tied to courts’ shifting understanding of how consumption works. The Supreme Court and other legal authorities wish to encourage speech leading to “good” consumption and discourage speech leading to “bad” consumption, and they believe that the First Amendment’s speech-protecting role might essentially be consistent with that goal. Current doctrine depends, to a great degree, on intuitions vunew about the law’s ability to promote and to discourage commercial speech. Thus, jurists assume that if they were to prohibit puffery because puffery distorts consumption, then their intervention would be effective. This ’Part’s goal is, in part, to consider the realism of this assumption, utilizing traditional and heterodox economic approaches. In Section A, I show why economists believe that prohibitions on puffery and other forms of misleading speech will be ineffectual at best and possibly self-defeating. Section B continues the analysis by relaxing traditional assumptions about consumer rationality and discussing how evidence of optimism strengthens the case for immunizing puffing speech. These analyses together suggest that both the First Amendment analysis discussed in Part III and the existing puffery landscape detailed in Part II overestimate the law’s ability to change consumption behavior.

CS201 Solution

//AB
//Currency Exchange Programme
#include
using namespace std;
/*
1 Euro = 112 Rupees.

1 Dollar = 84 Rupees.

1 Euro = 1.33 Dollars

1 Dollar = 0.75 EUR*/

int main()
{
char myCur, convCur;
double myRupees(0), myEuros(0), myDollars(0);
double convertedAmount(0);
bool flag = false;
while(flag == false)
{
cout << "Welcome to the Currency Exchange Rate Program!" << endl << endl << endl;
cout << "Key Description\n" << endl;
cout << "R Pakistani Rupees" << endl;
cout << "E European Euro" << endl;
cout << "D American Dollar" << endl << endl;
while( myCur != 'R' && myCur != 'E' && myCur != 'D')
{
cout << "Please select the key for the currency you have: ";
cin >> myCur;
myCur = toupper(myCur);
if(myCur == 'R' )
{
cout << "Please enter the amount of Rupees you have: ";
cin >> myRupees;
}
else if(myCur == 'E')
{
cout << " Please enter the amount of Euros you have: ";
cin >> myEuros;
}
else if(myCur == 'D')
{
cout << "Please enter the amount of Dollars you have: ";
cin >> myDollars;
}
else
{
cout << "Please enter a valid key" << endl;
}
}

do{
cout << "Please select the key for the currency you want to convert to: ";
cin >> convCur;
convCur = toupper(convCur);
}while(myCur == convCur);

if (myCur == 'R' && convCur == 'E')
{
// 1 Euro = 112 Rupees.
convertedAmount = myRupees / 112;
}
if (myCur == 'R' && convCur == 'D')
{
//1 Dollar = 84 Rupees.
convertedAmount = myRupees / 84;
}
if (myCur == 'E' && convCur == 'R')
{
// 1 Euro = 112 Rupees.
convertedAmount = myEuros * 112;
}
if (myCur == 'E' && convCur == 'D')
{
// 1 Euro = 1.33 Dollars
convertedAmount = myEuros * 1.33;
}
if (myCur == 'D' && convCur == 'R')
{
//1 Dollar = 84 Rupees.
convertedAmount = myDollars * 84;
}
if(myCur == 'D' && convCur == 'E')
{
// 1 Euro = 1.33 Dollars
convertedAmount = myDollars / 1.33;
}

if(myCur == 'R')
{
cout << myRupees << " Rupees converted into ";
}
if(myCur == 'E')
{
cout << myEuros << " Euros converted into ";
}
if(myCur == 'D')
{
cout << myDollars << " Dollars converted into ";
}

if( convCur == 'R')
{
cout << convertedAmount << " Rupees" << endl;
}
if(convCur == 'E')
{
cout << convertedAmount << " Euros" << endl;
}
if(convCur == 'D')
{
cout << convertedAmount << " Dollars" << endl;
}

char answer;
cout << "\nWould you like to run another conversion? (y/n)" << endl;
cin >> answer;
answer = tolower(answer);
if (answer == 'n')
{
flag = true;
}
system("CLS");
myCur = '\0';
}
system("Pause");
return 0;
}